November 30, 2009 My dearest students…
Salah satu teks yang mudah dibedakan dibandingkan teks lainnya adalah teks review. Dalam bahasa Indonesia kalian pasti pernah denger atau baca resensi buku, film, atau kaset. Nah, dalam bahasa Inggris kalian akan mempelajari juga resensi tersebut, cuma.. namanya diganti jadi review. Mudah kan? Yup.. review teks adalah teks yang membahas mengenai resensi baik buku, film, kaset, dan sebagainya.
Genre: Review
Social function: To criticize an art work or event for a public audience.
Generic structure:
1. Orientation ( background information on the text)
2. Evaluation ( concluding statement : judgment, opinion, or recommendation. It can consist of more than one.
3. Interpretative Recount ( summary of an art works including characters and plot).
4. Evaluative summation: the last opinion consisting the appraisal or the punch line of the art works being criticized.
Contoh:
Cinta (Dian Sastrowardoyo) is a beautiful, smart and confident seventeen year old. Born in a loving family, surrounded by caring and supporting friends. Cinta seems to have everything in the world. She has four best friends, Milly (Sissy Pricillia), Karmen (Adinia Wirasti), Alya (Ladya Cheryl), and Maura(Titi Kamal) who always protect her. She’s also the object of Borne’s affection, the most eligible boyfriend at school.
But things are starting to change when Cinta meets Rangga (Nicholas saputra), a cool and arrogant boy whose presence is never taken into account at school. The unpredictable character of Rangga has disturbed Cinta. It creates a new and unfamiliar sensation which leads Cinta into a new and strange world. The next thing she knows, she has fallen in love with someone who has a very different character and comes from a very different world.
Bit by bit, Cinta starts to change. She becomes a new person, a stranger to her friends and even to herself. She doesn’t understand what has happened, let alone her friends.
November 27, 2009 Dear students…
Masih ingat teks procedure kan? Itu loh, teks yang membahas tentang resep masakan, tata cara pengoperasian suatu benda, atau aturan permainan. Trus.. apa ada hubungan antara teks procedure dengan teks explanation. Jawabnya pasti ada. Persamaannya yaitu keduanya membahas tentang cara-cara membuat sesuatu. Trus… Apa dong bedanya? Perbedaannya teks procedure lebih simple. Namun teks explanation lebih ilmiah.
Genre: Explanation
Social function: To explain the process involved in the formation or working of natural or socio cultural phenomena.
Generic structure:
1. A general statement to position the reader
2. A sequenced explanation of why or how something occurs.
3. Closing
Contoh:
Bread
Almost everyone eats bread daily, especially for breakfast. Bread making is not a complicated task. You must have an oven, water, sugar, salt, flour and yeast. The basic ingredient is flour comes from wheat. There are two kinds of flour which is soft, and the hard one.
Hard flour, made by Winter wheat, is better choice for making bread. Bread using hard flour produces better texture and taste. Luke warm water is added to the flour to make dough.
Yeast is a microscopic organism, the size may not be impressive but it is capable of producing carbon dioxide. It is also easy to use. Powered yeast needs only be dissolved in water to be used instantly. Yeast works best in the presence of sugar and warmth.
Besides, encouraging yeast to grow quickly in the dough, sugar is added to give flour to the bread. Salt is added for the same purpose, to make the bread taste nice. However, it has the reverse effect on yeast, unlike sugar. The next ingredient is oil, olive oil, com oil, peanut oil and butter. It is essential for making the bread tender. After mixing with all these ingredients, the flour are hard beaten before sent to the oven.
Teks di atas berisi tentang proses pembuatan roti.
Coba bandingkan dengan contoh teks procedure berikut ini:
Recipe for French Toast
You are going to need:
4 pieces of bread
1 spoon of sugar
2 eggs
A quarter of a cup of milk
Butter
Pan
Fork
Bowl
Before you start to cook, you have to read the recipe.
Now you can get ready. After you read the recipe, put everything on the counter.
When everything is ready, break the eggs, pour a quarter of the milk in the bowl, then add a small spoon of sugar. Mix the eggs, milk and sugar.
Next, put a piece of bread in the bowl with the eggs, milk and sugar. Turn over the bread.
Now, put some butter in the pan. Turn on the stove. When the pan is hot, take the bread out of the bowl and put it into the pan. After you cook one side of the bread, cook the other side. After you finish the first place of the bread, cook the other pieces. Now you have French toast!
Teks di atas menerangkan tata cara membuat roti panggang.
Well, kedua teks tersebut memang membahas tentang cara membuat roti. Namun kalau kalian perhatikan tata cara penulisannya berbeda. Teks yang pertama ditulis dengan menggunakan uraian kalimat yang disusun sedemikian ilmiah. Contohnya kalimat “Yeast is a microscopic organism, the size may not be impressive but it is capable of producing carbon dioxide” (dilihat dari kata-katanya, kesannya science banget kan..) Teks yang kedua ditulis dengan menggunakan kalimat perintah atau instruksi. Contohnya pada kalimat “After you read the recipe, put everything on the counter”.
Lihat contoh lainnya di latihan ya..
November 25, 2009 Dear students…
Salah satu teks yang dipelajari di kelas X semester 1 adalah procedure. Kalian pasti punya barang-barang elektronik kan? Jika kalian amati, kalau kalian membeli handphone, pasti ada buku panduannya kan? Di dalam buku panduan tersebut berisi instruksi atau tata cara pengoperasian, contohnya: instruksi bagaimana mengirimkan pesan, megambil gambar, dan lain-lain. Kalian juga pernah membaca buku resep masakan kan? Nah, di dalam resep masakan ada petunjuk bagaimana cara memasak sesuatu. Contoh lainnya, dalam melakukan suatu permainan, pasti ada petunjuknya. Sekarang kalian sudah mengerti betapa seringnya kita menggunakan teks procedure dlam kegiatan sehari-hari. Oleh karena itu, kalian harus menguasai teks ini.
Social Function : Help us do a task or make something. They can be a set of instruction or directions.
Text Organization:
1. Goal (The final purpose of doing the instructions)
2. Materials (Ingredients, utensils, equipments to do the instructions)
3. Steps (A set of instruction to achieve the final purpose)
Contoh teks procedure:
Recipe for French Toast
You are going to need:
4 pieces of bread
1 spoon of sugar
2 eggs
A quarter of a cup of milk
Butter
Pan
Fork
Bowl
Before you start to cook, you have to read the recipe.
Now you can get ready. After you read the recipe, put everything on the counter.
When everything is ready, break the eggs, pour a quarter of the milk in the bowl, then add a small spoon of sugar. Mix the eggs, milk and sugar.
Next, put a piece of bread in the bowl with the eggs, milk and sugar. Turn over the bread.
Now, put some butter in the pan. Turn on the stove. When the pan is hot, take the bread out of the bowl and put it into the pan. After you cook one side of the bread, cook the other side. After you finish the first place of the bread, cook the other pieces. Now you have French toast!
Sudah jelas kan…? Kalian bisa pelajari contoh soal lainnya yang juga ada di blog ini. See you then…
January 14, 2009 Dear student…
Pada semester sebelumnya kalian pasti sudah mengenal jenis teks analytical expostion, di semester ini kalian akan mempelajari jenis teks exposition yang lainnya, yaitu hortatory exposition. Teks hortatory exposition berisi tentang teks yang mengemukakan alasan-alasan dengan tujuan untuk membujuk pendengar atau pembaca agar mau mengikuti apa yang dikemukakan penulis. Dalam pelajaran bahasa Indonesia kita tentu sudah mengenal teks persuasi, yang sama isinya dengan teks hortatory.
Teks hortatory di awali dengan Thesis, yaitu menuliskan opini penulis tentang suatu masalah. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan argumen, yaitu alasan-alasan yang mendukung pendapat penulis. Terakhir, menuliskan saran atau nasihat.
Contoh Teks hortatory dalam bentuk surat:
Dear Editor,
We are writing to complain about ads on TV. There are so many ads, especially during our favourite programmes. We think they should be stopped for a number of reasons.
First, ads are nuisance. They go on for a long time and there are so many. Sometimes there seems to be more ads than programmes.
Second, ads are bad influence on people. They try to encourage people to buy unhealthy food like beer, soft drink, candy and chips. And they make people want things they do not really need and can not.
Finally, the people who make ads have too much say in what programmes people watch. That is because they want to put all their ads on popular programs that a lot of people watch. Some programmes which are not so popular get stopped because they do not attract enough ads, even though those programmes may be someone’s favourite.
For those reasons, we think TV station should stop showing ads. They interrupt programmes. They are bad influences on people, and they are sometimes put a stop to people’s favourite shows. We are sick of ads, and now we mostly watch other channels.
David
Coba perhatikan teks di atas. Paragraf pertama berisi thesis, yang dilanjutkan dengan arguments (alasan) di paragraf 2, 3, dan 4. Paragraf ke 5 berisi tentang recommendation (saran). Isi dari paragraf terakhir inilah yang membedakan teks horatatory dan analytical.
January 10, 2009 Dear students…..
Bingung cara membedakan teks analytical exposition dan hortatory exposition? Don’t worry it’s so easy. Study the followings ya…
Sebelum kita mengetahui perbedaan teks analytical dan hortatory, mari kita mengenal persamaan dari kedua teks ini. Teks exposition dibagi menjadi dua bagian yaitu analytical exposition dan hortatory exposition. Exposition adalah jenis teks yang berisi tentang argumen-argumen tentang suatu topik. Dalam menulis teks ini, penulis perlu mencari sumber informasi agar argumen yang dikemukakan cukup kuat untuk mempengaruhi pembaca atau pendengar.
Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari kita bisa menemukan teks exposition dalam diskusi, pidato, iklan, surat, dsb. Contohnya, ada seorang teman yang merokok, kita bisa saja memberikan pendapat kita bahwa merokok itu tidak baik. So the thesis is “Smoking is not good for your health”. Kemudian kita akan memberikan alasan-alasan mengapa merokok itu tidak baik, so we tell the arguments that support our thesis. The social function of exposition is to persuade the reader or listener.
So the difference is…..
Study the text organization of analytical exposition below.
Ada 3 tahapan dalam teks analytical, yaitu:
- Thesis, berisi tentang suatu pernyataan tentang permasalahan tertentu. Biasanya diawali dengan kalimat I personally think, In my opinion, I believe, dll.
- Arguments, berisi tentang alasan-alasan untuk medukung Thesis yang dikemukakan. Diawali dengan kata, atau f rase First, Second, Furthermore, In addition, The last, dll.
- Reiteration, berisi tentang simpulan dari Thesis, dan Arguments yang dikemukakan. Kata-kata yang digunakan biasanya In my conclusion, Based on the arguments above, dll
Perbedaan Analytical Exposition dan Hortatory Exposition terletak di paragraf terakhir. Dalam penulisan Hortatory juga ada 3 bagian, yaitu:
- Thesis, berisi tentang suatu pernyataan tentang permasalahan tertentu. Biasanya diawali dengan kalimat I personally think, In my opinion, I believe, dll.
- Arguments, berisi tentang alasan-alasan untuk medukung Thesis yang dikemukakan. Diawali dengan kata, atau f rase First, Second, Furthermore, In addition, The last, dll.
- Recommendation, berisi tentang saran dari penulis atas Thesis dan Arguments yang dikemukakan. Biasanya ada kata-kata should, should not, ought to, ought not to, dll.
For example:
Text 1
Smoking in restaurants
Smoking in restaurants is just not on. It must not be allowed because it is rude, harmful to others and dangerous for the smokers.
Firstly, smoking in a restaurant is impolite. The smell of the smoke affects all people and can turn them off their food. People pay to taste good food and not to be put off by foul smelling smoke.
Another reason smoking should not be allowed in restaurant is the harm it can do to others. Passive smoking that is breathing in smoke made by a smoker can lead to asthma attacks and even cancer.
Finally, smoking is dangerous and a health risk to the smokers. Cigarettes cause heart and lung disease and people should not smoke anywhere, not just in restaurants.
Therefore, smoking in restaurants is impolite, harmful to others and a health risk to the smokers and should not be allowed in any restaurants.
Text 2
Is it important to know what your kids are watching? Of course yes. Television can expose things you have tried to protect them from, especially violence, pornography, consumerism, etc.
A study demonstrated that spending too much time on watching TV during the day or bedtime often causes bedtime disruption, stress, and short of sleep duration.
Another research found that there is a significant relationship between the amount of time spent for watching television during adolescence and early adulthood, and the possibility of being aggressive.
Meanwhile, many studies have identified a relationship between kids who watch TV a lot and being inactive and overweight.
Considering some facts mentioned above, protect your children with the following tips:
1. Limit television viewing to 1 – 2 hours each day
2. Do not allow your children to have a TV set in their bedrooms
3. Review the rating of TV shows that your children watch
4. Watch television with your children and discuss what is happening the show
Kedua teks di atas hampir sama, perbedaannya hanya ada di paragraf terakhir. Coba perhatikan paragraf terakhir pada teks 1 yang hanya berisi simpulan tidak ada saran. Memang ada kata “shouldn’t be allowed in the restaurants”, namun itu bukan saran melainkan penguatan dari thesis. Perhatikan lagi thesisnya “It must be allowed because…” Bandingkan dengan paragraf terakhir pada teks kedua yang berisi saran melalui empat tips yang harus dilakukan to protect the children. Clear right?
December 2, 2008 Dear student…
Teks bergenre spoof berisi tentang cerita lucu. Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, you or your friends pasti suka mendengar cerita lucu, dalam bahasa Indonesia kita mengenal anekdot. Biasanya kita menemukan teks spoof di koran, atau dari cerita teman sendiri. Banyak siswa yang menyamakan cerita lucu dengan aktivitas yang bisa membuat orang tertawa seperti terpeleset di depan umum, salah kostum, dsb. Menurut saya aktivitas yang saya sebutkan terakhir adalah aktivitas yang memalukan bukan lucu. Lucu bukan berarti memalukan. Dalam membuat teks spoof, kalian harus bisa bermain kata-kata sehingga bisa menghasilkan suatu cerita lucu. I think spoof bisa diartikan sebagai suatu cerita yang unpredictable, dimana kejadian lucu itu sendiri disajikan hanya di akhir cerita. Beda tentu jika kita menonton film lawak yang dari awal sampai akhir menyajikan peristiwa yang lucu.
Spoof di awali dengan ORIENTATION, yaitu pengenalan tokoh, tempat, dan waktu. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan EVENT, yaitu urutan kejadian secara detail. Lalu di akhiri dengan TWIST, yaitu bagian terlucu.
Contoh:
Last week I took my five-year old son, Willy, to a musical instrument store in my hometown. I wanted to buy him a set of junior drum because his drum teacher advised me to buy him one. Willy likes listening to music very much. He also likes asking me everything he wants to know. Even his questions sometimes seem precocious for a boy of his age. He is very inquisitive.
We went there by car. On the way, we saw a policeman standing near a traffic light regulating the passing cars and other vehicles. He blew his whistle now and then.
Seeing the policeman blowing his whistle, Willy asked me at once, “Dad, why is the policeman using a whistle, not a drum?”
Hearing his unexpected question I answered reluctantly, “Because he is not Phil Collin!”
November 11, 2008 It’s a little bit difficult to convey a text in form of Report. Lumayan agak susah kalau minta siswa tampil di depan untuk menyampaikan teks dalam bentuk Report. To make it easier, I ask them to create Pw. Pointnya. Before they do their assignment, I ask them to find the data from internet. Setelah itu mulai deh menulis. Beda siswa, beda temanya. Biar lebih creative of course. Setelah menulis, trus di edit by teacher, then ask them to create Pw. Point at home. The next day, all students are able to convey a monolog in form of Report.
August 25, 2010 NEWS ITEM text adalah jenis teks yang menceritakan mengenai suatu kejadian. Teks listening news item banyak kita temui di radio dalam acara berita tentunya dan juga untuk teks reading news item kita bisa membacanya di koran. Selain itu jika kita sering menonton program berita di televisi, artinya kita juga sedang menonton teks news item.
News yang artinya berita, jenis teks ini memang bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi baik kepada pendengar, pembaca maupun penonton. Adapun susunan dari jenis teks ini adalah:
1. Newsworthy event (inti berita)
2. Background event (latar belakang berita)
3. Sources (sumber informasi)
Teks News Item adalah teks yang cukup mudah untuk dibedakan, contohnya:
Seven people were killed in a collision between a bus, a car and a truck on Jalan Sultan at 10:35 p.m. last night. The dead were all passengers of the car. The police believed the car had been trying to overtake the bus when it was struck by a truck coming from the opposite direction. The driver of the car might not be using his lights, as the truck driver said he did not see the car approaching.
The police said the car should not have tried to pass the bus, since overtaking is not allowed on Jalan Sultan. In addition, the police reported that the car, a small Japanese car, should not have been carrying more than five people. If the passengers had brought their identity cards, the police would have identified the names of the victims easily.
Dari teks tersebut di atas, disebutkan dalam paragraf pertama bahwa ada kecelakaan yang terjadi, yang merupakan inti berita. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan penyebab kecelakaan, yaitu karena “the car should not have tried to pass the bus, since overtaking is not allowed on Jalan Sultan”. Ciri lainnya adalah adanya sumber “The police said the car should not …”.
Contoh kedua:
Jakarta (JP). The number of people injured in the weekend earthquake in the Central Sulawesi capital of Palu reached 26. The earthquake, measuring 5,8 in the opened Ritcher Scale, also damaged or destroyed hundreds of buildings. So far no deaths have been reported.
“Only 3 of the 26 injured are still being treated at a government clinic. In the Sausu Trans village, the rest have returned home,” Mohammad Haerollah, an official of the Central Sulawesi Office of the Ministry of Social Services, told the Jakarta Post yesterday.
Officials at the meteorology and geophysics office in Palu said earlier that the epicenter was in the Gulf of Tomini, 32 kilometers east of Palu, at a depth of 32 kilometers. The office recorded 396 tremors between 5.30 p.m on Saturday and 12.00 a.m on Sunday. However, locals felt 47 of the tremors.
Antara News Agency reported on Saturday that most of the casualties were adults, injured by collapsing structures. The agency also said, that victims were mainly residents of the Sausu, Suli, Torono, and Malakosa villages.
Kalau kita analisa inti berita dari teks kedua adalah “The number of people injured in the weekend earthquake in the Central Sulawesi capital of Palu reached 26″. Latar belakangnya adalah “most of the casualties were adults, injured by collapsing structures” dan sumber beritanya adalah ” Officials at the meteorology and geophysics office in Palu said” “Antara News Agency reported”.
Genre: News Item
Social function: To inform readers or listeners about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important.
Generic structure:
1. News worthy event ( tells the event in a summary form)
2. Background events ( elaborate what happened, tell what caused the incident)
3. Sources ( comments by participants, witnesses, authorities and experts involved in the event)
Language features:
Information on the use of head lines.
Use of action verbs( hit, attack)
Use of saying verbs( said, added, claimed)
Use of passive sentences ( Aceh was hit by Tsunami in 2004)
Use of adverbs in passive sentences (The victims were badly injured)
Nah.. Kalian pasti sudah mengerti kan..
January 22, 2010 Dear students…
Have you ever been to Bali? How did you go there? How long did you stay there? What did you do there? Explain clearly.
Well, to tell your experience is the purpose of recount. Jadi, kalau kalian ingin menceritakan pengalaman kalian kalian bisa menggunakan teks recount. Recount adalah jenis teks yang menceritakan pengalaman seseorang, selain itu juga teks yang menceritakan biografi seseorang secara detail.
Dalam recount ada tiga bagian penting. Yang pertama adalah Orientation, yaitu pendahuluan yang berupa pengenalan tokoh. Biasanya berupa who, when, and where (siapa, kapan, dan kapan suatu peristiwa terjadi. Yang kedua adalah event, yaitu kejadian atau peristiwa yang terjadi secara berurutan. Dan yang terkahir adalah Re-orientation, yaitu menjelaskan kesimpulan dari pengalaman yang diceritakan, apakah pengalaman tersebut menyedihkan, membahagiakan, atau mungkin menakutkan.
Contoh:
My Day at the Beach
(Orientaion)
Last week my friend and I were bored after three weeks of holidays, so we rode our bikes to Smith Beach, which is only five kilometres from where I live. When we arrived at the beach, we were surprised to see there was hardly anyone there. After having a quick dip in the ocean, which was really cold, we realized one reason there were not many people there. It was also quite windy.
(Events)
After we bought some hot chips at the takeaway store nearby, we rode our bikes down the beach for a while, on the hard, damp part of the sand. We had the wind behind us and, before we knew it, we were many miles down the beach. Before we made the long trip back, we decided to paddle our feet in the water for a while, and then sit down for a rest. While we were sitting on the beach, just chatting, it suddenly dawned on us that all the way back, we would be riding into the strong wind.
(Re-orientation)
When we finally made it back home, we were both totally exhausted! But we learned some good lessons that day.
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